final exam (supplemental)

1. An important part of becoming an educated thinker is:
a. Being able to express your feelings
b. Being able to argue with others
c. Being able to make effective decisions
d. Being able to ignore the opinions of others

2. The five steps to making an organized decision are:
a. Define the decision clearly, consider all possible choices, ignore outside resources, be in touch with your emotions, and allow your “intuition” to guide your decision
b. Define the decision clearly, consider all possible choices, gather all relevant information, consider the choice that best meets the needs of the situation, and implement a plan of action
c. Consider all possible choices, ask your best friend for advice, consider your immediate emotional response as a solution, and implement a plan of action
d. Provide financial security, provide personal fulfillment, make use of special talents, and offer opportunities
e. All of the above

3. Thinking Critically, as defined in your text, is:
a. Looking for the negative aspects of any situation and providing a critique
b. Carefully exploring the problems with an issue
c. Carefully thinking about problems
d. Carefully exploring the thinking process to clarify our understanding and make more intelligent decisions.
e. All of the above

4. According to your textbook, some of the cognitive abilities and attitudes that characterize critical thinkers are:
a. Open-minded, caring, and considerate of others
b. Being critical, creative, and independent
c. Opposing authority, demonstrating, and defending personal opinions
d. Thinking actively, asking questions, thinking independently, considering different perspectives, supporting diverse perspectives, and discussing ideas in an organized way.
e. All of the above

5. As a critical thinker, to increase and deepen your knowledge of varying perspectives you must:
a. Argue your perspective with reasons and evidence
b. Actively seek other perspectives
c. Memorize information from a textbook
d. None of the above

6. According to your textbook, lenses are explained as what?
a. Eyeglasses worn to improve one’s vision
b. Filters that shape, influence, and often distort the way we see situations
c. Filters that shape our ability to think creatively
d. All of the above
e. None of the above


7. What best explains (defines) Perceiving?
a. A person’s overall point of view
b. Unwritten rules of society or culture that we are taught or socialized to follow.
c. The active selection, organization and interpretation of what is experienced by our senses, usually shaped by experience, society, and culture.
d. To go beyond factual information and make statements about what is assumed to be true but is not currently known (as fact).


8. What is the first step in critically examining your perception?
a. Researching information
b. Performing scientific studies
c. Asking questions
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

9. The definition of Fact is:
a. Can be proven true through the scientific process of falsification.
b. Selection, organization and interpretation of what is experienced by our senses, usually shaped by experience, society, and culture.
c. Concluding that an event is the direct result of another event.
d. Reasons supporting a conclusion.

10. The following defines the difference between knowing and believing:
a. Knowing something to be true is believing it to be true
b. Knowing something to be true means there is conclusive evidence to support it, and believing something to be true means there is no conclusive evidence available
c. There is no difference, because believing and knowing are the same concepts
d. None of the above

11. When experts disagree, a critical thinker must:
a. Analyze and evaluate all the available information
b. Develop their own well-reasoned beliefs
c. Recognize when sufficient information is unavailable
d. Realize that beliefs may evolve over time as new information is obtained
e. All of the above
f. None of the above

12. The relationship between thinking and language is:
a. Symbolic
b. Irrelevant
c. Psychological
d. Interactive
e. All of the above
f. None of the above


13. Using words to express our feelings and evoke feelings in others is known this type of language:
a. Emotive
b. Ambiguous
c. Symbolic
d. Euphemistic
e. All of the above
f. None of the above


14. Unsound arguments that can appear logical are known as:
a. Inferences
b. Fallacies
c. Arguments
d. Justifications
e. All of the above
f. None of the above


15. The three key criteria for evaluating an inductive argument are:
a. Is the sample known? Is the sample sufficient? Is the sample representative?
b. Is the information factual? Is the information logical? Is the argument conclusive?
c. Is the prediction valid? Is the sample sufficient? Is the idea reasonable?
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

16-25
Please list and define ten logical fallacies.

26-30. In a paragraph or two, write a letter to the director of one of the films we watched in class. Tell him or her what you thought of the film. Be specific.